Elastic-fluid turbine.



G. 0. JOHNSON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

- APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1911. 1,018,667. Patented Feb. 27, 1912.

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COLUMBIA FLANOIIRAPH 20., WASHINGTON. n. c.

. tmirnn STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

CHARLES OCEAN JOHNSON, OF MOUILLE POINT, CAPE TOWN, CAPE COLONY.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES OCEAN J OHN- SON, a subject of the King ofEngland, residing at Mouille Point, Cape Town, Cape Colony, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turbines,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in elastic fluid turbines, andthe objects are, firstly, to produce a turbine which may be readilyreversed, secondly, a turbine in which the fluid enters at thelongitudinal center thereof and flows axially to both ends thusequalizing the thrust, thirdly, a turbine in which the high pressure ofthe fluid is utilized in primary velocity or impactwheels and the lowpressure of the fluid in reaction vanes or wheels, fourthly, a turbinein which no difliculty will exist with regard to the packing at theshaft ends for the reason that the temperature is very low at theseparts, and finally, a turbine conveniently adapted for running at slowor reduced speeds by shutting off portions of the fluid supply, theremainder working at full pres sure.

According to this invention the turbine is provided with an impact-wheelof comparatively large diameter with inward flow attached to thelongitudinal center of a cylinder forming the rotor of the turbine, tothe ends of which the shaft is bolted or otherwise secured. At each sideof said impactwheel is arranged a series of impulse and reactionparallel flow-rings comprising moving and fixed blades of ordinary typethrough which the fluid from the impactwheel flows and exhausts througha passage at each end open to the condenser. The impulse and reactionrings at each side of the central impact-wheel are equal in number andincrease equally in diameter in a direction away from said wheel, thuseliminating end thrust on the shaft. Reversal of direction is effectedby other impact-wheels, one at each end of the rotor, and similar inconstruction to the aforesaid central impactwheel, and the driving fluidfrom each of Said reversing impact-wheels flows through a small numberof impulse and reaction rings to the condenser, or if preferred theexhaust from the impact-wheels may pass directly into the condenser.

An embodiment of the invention is repre- Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed June 26, 1911.

Patented Feb. 2'7, 1912. Serial No. 635,466.

sented in the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a verticallongitudinal section of my improved turbine with parts in elevation.Fig. 2 is a section on the line AA of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a section online B B of Fig. 1. p

In said drawings: 2 designates the rotor in the form of a hollowcylinder, to the longitudinal center of which are secured the sides ofthe central impact-wheel 3 as by means of rivets or bolts 4. Theimpactwheel is provided at its periphery with blades or buckets 5 in theusual manner and the sides of the wheel are provided with a series ofexhaust apertures 6 through which the driving-fluid passes afterperforming its work on the blades.

The driving-fluid passes in at 7 into a valve chest 8 in which is aslide-valve 9 having a spindle 10- operated by any suitable valve-gear(not shown) said valve controlling the admission of the fluid throughports 11, 12 and 13, each serving about one third the circumference ofthe impact-wheel by means of passages 14:, 15 and 16 respectively andflaring nozzles 17 leading from said passages and communicating with thewheel vanes.

The impact-wheel and all the other oper-- ative parts of the turbine areinclosed by a casing 18 formed in halves bolted together and to whichare fixed the rings of blades 19 coacting with rings of blades 20secured to the periphery of the rotor. These rings as shown are equal innumber on each side of the central impact-wheel and increase equally indiameter as they are removed from said wheel. The fluid from apertures 6passes through said blades 19 and 20 in the known manner and finallyexhaust through passages 21 in the casing to the condenser.

The reversing impact-wheels are located at each end of the rotor 2 andare similar in construction to the main or central impactwheel, eachcomprising sides 23 attached to the rotor as by rivets or bolts 24 andhaving peripheral blades or buckets 25 and exhaust apertures 26 throughone side. The fluid for reversing enters at 27 to valve chests 28, eachcontaining a slide valve 29 operated by spindle 30 by means of anysuitable mechanism (not shown), the valves controlling passages 34, 35and 36 each serving about one third the circumference. of the wheel.through flaring nozzles 37. After exhausting from the reversingimpact-wheels through apertures 26 the fluid acts on blades 38, 39secured respectively to the casing 18 and rotor 2 and finally dischargesthrough the passages 21 into the condenser.

4O designates holes in the periphery of the rotor 2 to prevent drivingfluid accumulating therein, and allow it to pass to the passages 21.

l1 show the shafts bolted to the ends of the rotor 2.

42 designate the end covers for the casing.

43 indicate feet for supporting the whole structure, and 44strengthening ribs between the casing parts inclosing the impact-wheels.

\Vhat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States is 1. A turbine comprising in combination acylindrical rot-or, an impact wheel secured to said rotor at or aboutthe longitudinal center thereof, a series of impulse and reaction ringsat each side of the impact wheel, means for supplying driving fluid tosaid impact wheel for rotating same in one direction, means ofcommunication for driving fluid from the impact Wheel to said impulseand reaction rings on each side thereof, an additional impact wheelsecured to one end of the rotor, a series of impulses and reaction ringsadjacent one side of said additional impact Wheel, means for supplyingdriving fluid to said additional impact wheel for reversing thedirection of rotation of the rotor, and means of communication fordriving fluid from the reversing impact wheel to the impulse andreaction rings adjacent thereto.

1 2. A turbine comprising in combination a cylindrical rotor, an impactwheel secured to said rotor at or about the longitudinal center thereof,a series of impulse and reaction rings, at each side of the impactwheel, means for supplying driving fluid to said impact wheel forrotating the same in one direction, means of communication for drivingfluid from the impact wheel to said impulse and reaction rings on eachside thereof, an additional impact wheel secured to one end of therotor, a series of impulse and reaction rings adjacent one side of saidadditional impact wheel, means for supplying driving fluid to saidadditional impact Wheel, for reversing the direction of rotation of therotor, means of communication for driving fluid from the reversingimpact wheel to the impulse and reaction rings adjacent thereto, acasing inclosing each impact wheel, and provided with aplurality ofchannels each serving a portion of the periphery of said wheel, andmeans for supplying driving channels.

3. A turbine comprising in combination a cylindrical rotor, animpact-wheel secured to said rotor at or about the longitudinal centerthereof, a series of impulse and reaction rings at each side of theimpact-wheeh means for supplying driving fluid to said impact-wheel forrotating same in one direction, means of communication for driving fluidfrom the impact-wheel to said impulse and reaction rings on each sidethereof, additional impact-wheels secured one at each end of the rotor,a series of impulse and reaction rings adjacent one side of each of saidadditional impact-wheels, means for supplying driving fluid to saidadditional impact-wheels for reversing the direction of rotation of therotor and means of communication for driving fluid from the reversingimpact-Wheels to the impulse and reaction rings adjacent thereto.

4. A turbine comprising in combination a cylindrical rotor, animpact-Wheel secured to said rotor, a series of impulse and reactionrings at each side of the impactwheel, means for supplying driving fluidto said impact-wheel and means of communication for said driving fluidfrom the impact-wheel to said impulse and reaction rings on each sidethereof to rotate the rotor in one direction, additional impactwheelssecured one at each end of the rotor, means for supplying driving fluidto said last mentioned impact-wheels whereby the direction of rotationof the rotor is reversed, a casing inclosing each impact-wheel andproviding a plurality of channels each serving a portion of theperiphery of said wheel and means for supplying driving fluid to any orall of said channels.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo witnesses.

CHARLES OCEAN JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

CHARLES STEPHEN GARDNER, FRED. H. DUKE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0.

fluid to any or all of said r

